36 states require some form of voter ID at the US midterm elections; what to do if you arrive without an accepted document

Voter ID rules can make a difference on election day, particularly for those who turn up at the polling station without the requisite ID. Rules around voter ID vary from state to state across the US as to what is required in order to verify a voter's identity prior to them being allowed to vote.

From the NCSL: 36 states require some form of ID to be shown by voters and 14 states plus Washington DC allow in-person voters to verify their identity without having to produce an ID document. The rules differ from state to state so it's important to know what you can expect at the polls.

What do the 36 states require from voters

Voter ID laws vary from state to state. Some states require a photo ID, others will accept non-photo ID such as a utility bill, bank statement or pay stub.

In the other states and Washington D.C. the voter can generally vote in person without ID. They will typically be required to verify their identity by signing a poll book, completing an affidavit or giving some form of personal detail.

These are the so-called non-documentary ID rules. They don't mean that identity is in any way unverified. The election officials still have processes in place to verify eligibility and to deal with any concerns that a person may have about their right to vote.

What happens if you arrive without an accepted ID

In states that do require ID documents the options available to voters will vary depending on the state's own rules. The NCSL information provided makes it clear that states use different methods of voter verification so you can't assume the rules are the same in all states.

Where documentary ID is not required voters may be asked to sign a declaration of eligibility or be asked to provide details such as their name and address.

Some states use more than one method. New Mexico is an example of this where the voter has to sign a signature roster and their name and address have to be given both orally and in writing.

Election officials can compare the signature. Check the personal details against the voter registration list or the electronic poll book.

How do election officials check voter identity

Signatures and affidavits

Some states require the voter to sign an affidavit that confirms the voter’s eligibility and declares that falsely claiming eligibility is an offence. Other states rely on the signature that appears in the poll book or, on the voter registration list.

Personal information

Voters may also be asked to state or write their names and addresses. In certain circumstances Maryland, New Mexico and Minnesota can require full or partial birth dates.

These methods assist officials in verifying the information prior to a ballot being accepted.

Can someone challenge your eligibility at the polls

Yes. States do permit certain individuals (including election officials and appointed poll watchers) to raise challenges as to a voter's identity or eligibility. In a number of states other voters may also file challenges.

Common reasons are questions as to age, residency or voter registration. In some states officials are required to read the voter's name out loud which allows a challenge to potentially identify someone attempting to vote in another person's name.

As the rules vary from state to state voters should check their local election rules before going to the polls.