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EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS
In 2019, Jordan sank a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar in waters up to 92 feet deep; three years later, its fuselage and wings sheltered corals, sponges, octopuses and pufferfishAn ex-airliner has been repurposed as a lively artificial reef in the Red Sea. As marine species have swiftly inhabited the sunken plane, a...- In 2016, Texas built RGV Reef from 477 piles of railroad ties and concrete across 1,650 acres off South Padre Island; sonar estimated 24.4 tons of fish biomass thereA groundbreaking artificial reef off the Texas coast now sustains more than twenty-four tons of fish biomass. Constructed from discarded ra...
- In 2002, South Australia scuttled ex-HMAS Hobart in 2 minutes and 17 seconds; 18 years later, a marine survey recorded more than 50 fish species around the destroyerThe HMAS Hobart, once a formidable navy destroyer, has transformed into a vibrant artificial reef after being submerged for eighteen years....
- In 2000, San Diego sank the 366-foot HMCS Yukon off Mission Beach; from 2015 to 2020, nine divers recorded 237 observations across 58 marine speciesThe HMCS Yukon, a Canadian warship, was intentionally sunk near Mission Beach to foster a new artificial reef. Initial research from 2004 i...
- In 2009, Key West sank the 523-foot Vandenberg in 140 feet of water; one year later, REEF monitoring had documented 123 fish species on the former shipIn 2009, the retired missile ship Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg was deliberately sunk near Key West, giving rise to a significant artificial reef...
- How a student turned waste glass into an ‘oyster home’ and won Rs 1.2 lakh awardA Florida high school student, Delaney Peterson, has explored an unusual way to support oyster reef restoration, by turning discarded glass...
- In 2011, Andalusia mapped 27,022 hectares of Posidonia habitat. 5 years later, 41 low-impact moorings were installed across four sites to protect seagrass from anchoringThe legacy of the LIFE Posidonia project extends beyond the original 2011–2016 funding period. Its work established better information abou...
- In Texas, oyster-shell waste became reef “shell bags”; along Galveston Bay, the new shell reefs supported living oysters and helped stabilize shorelinesThe Galveston Bay Foundation has initiated a commendable recycling program to repurpose oyster shells from local restaurants for vital reef...
- In 1996, NASA sank a 132-foot shuttle booster training device off Port Canaveral to become an artificial reef; marine life was expected to establish itself there within four monthsA retired NASA training device became an artificial reef in the Atlantic Ocean. This structure provided a new underwater habitat for marine...
- The Savannah River swapped bare marsh edge for oyster reefs in 2023; wave energy fell by up to 40%, giving Georgia coasts a tougher storm shieldScientists built oyster reefs in Georgia's Savannah River to reduce wave energy. These reefs lessened wave impact on the shoreline by as mu...
- In 2006, volunteers lowered a stripped Boeing 737 into the Pacific; 20 years later, the jet has become a cold-water artificial reefA retired Boeing 737 now rests on the seafloor off Vancouver Island. This aircraft was transformed into an artificial reef by Canada. The X...
- In 2021, Cyprus submerged 93 sculptures to create an underwater forest; concrete trees rise from the seabed at different depthsAn underwater sculpture park in Cyprus offers a unique habitat for marine life. This art installation, MUSAN, features concrete figures and...
- In 2019, Jordan sank 19 military machines in the Red Sea, turning retired tanks, cannons, an ambulance, and a combat helicopter into an underwater museum and artificial reefJordan's Aqaba hosts a unique underwater military museum featuring decommissioned vehicles. These sunken machines now serve as artificial r...
- Between 2001 and 2010, more than 2,500 New York subway cars were sunk into the Atlantic — decades later, they have become a thriving underwater reefA fleet of old subway cars from New York City has found an unexpected second life at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Sunk off the Delawar...
- In 1991, 8 people shut themselves for 2 years inside an airtight Arizona dome, and the walls quietly swallowed their oxygen for 475 days before anyone figured out whyEight individuals entered Biosphere 2 in 1991, aiming to live in a self-contained ecosystem for two years. Unexpectedly, oxygen levels plum...
- China plans to float nuclear reactors in disputed South China Sea, analysts see it 'risky for environment'China's development of marine nuclear power platforms in the South China Sea raises concerns for regional stability and security. The US wa...
- To combat coral bleaching, Kenya turns to reef nurseriesThe marine area, jointly managed by the foundation and the island's community, has been planting over 8,000 corals a year since 2012 and pl...
- China claims 1,000 years sovereignty over South China Sea; refutes US allegationsReacting to Pompeo's statement, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian told a media briefing in Beijing that the secretary of state...
- South China Sea row: How Beijing has applied the Art of War to get what it wantsThe plain fact is that China may already have won control of the South China Sea without firing a shot, despite the best efforts of the US.
- Beijing’s land reclamation project worrisome; India, Washington should be watchfulThis is only the latest in a series of Chinese assertions – made easier because of the disunity among Asean countries on the one hand, and ...
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