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REEF MONITORING
In 2009, Jacksonville sank the former Coast Guard tender Spike in 100 feet of water; one year later, a REEF diver counted 16 fish species, up from just 6An ex-Coast Guard ship now stands as an artificial reef, drawing the attention of vibrant marine life. At first, the submerged metal hull w...
In 1993, Miami lowered a retired Boeing 727 called Spirit of Miami into the sea; a storm split it apart a year later, and coral, oysters, and fish moved inThe Spirit of Miami, a retired Boeing 727, now lies submerged beneath the waves, purposefully sunk to provide an ecological haven. The deva...
In 2009, Key West sank the 523-foot Vandenberg in 140 feet of water; one year later, REEF monitoring had documented 123 fish species on the former shipIn 2009, the retired missile ship Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg was deliberately sunk near Key West, giving rise to a significant artificial reef...
In 2011, Andalusia mapped 27,022 hectares of Posidonia habitat. 5 years later, 41 low-impact moorings were installed across four sites to protect seagrass from anchoringThe legacy of the LIFE Posidonia project extends beyond the original 2011–2016 funding period. Its work established better information abou...
In 2012, Alaska counted 58 pigeon guillemots on Naked Island as mink threatened nests. 11 years later following restoration, their numbers had jumped nearly 400%, reaching 288 birds in 2023Pigeon guillemot numbers on Alaska's Naked Island Group have significantly increased. This recovery followed a multiyear effort to remove i...
In 2001, NOAA launched a restoration program after a $64 million Montrose settlement. 24 years later, a rebuilt Palos Verdes reef in California had boosted fish biomass by over 150%Two decades after a $64 million settlement funded coastal recovery, California’s Palos Verdes reef is thriving. Engineers placed 70,000 ton...
In 2024, researchers tested crushed waste concrete as a base for Chesapeake oyster reefs; oyster spat grew and survived with no detectable hydrocarbon leachingIn the Chesapeake Bay, recycled concrete rubble is proving to be a nursery for young oysters. Scientists have discovered that this crushed ...
In Texas, oyster-shell waste became reef “shell bags”; along Galveston Bay, the new shell reefs supported living oysters and helped stabilize shorelinesThe Galveston Bay Foundation has initiated a commendable recycling program to repurpose oyster shells from local restaurants for vital reef...
He spent 16 years alone on one of world’s most remote islands: With two cats, chickens, a radio and basic supplies, this New Zealand sailor built a life in complete solitudeTom Neale spent an incredible 16 years living alone on Suwarrow Atoll, growing his own food and repairing shelters with resources available...
In 2019, Australia lowered a 58-ton concrete greenhouse into the Great Barrier Reef; the 12-metre underwater structure became a living artwork and coral habitatNestled beneath the waves near John Brewer Reef in Australia lies an innovative Coral Greenhouse sculpture crafted from pH-neutral cement, ...
New installations emerge on islet as China accelerates South China Sea build-upNew military installations have been sighted on an islet near Antelope Reef. Analysts believe China is building its largest military base t...
The Savannah River swapped bare marsh edge for oyster reefs in 2023; wave energy fell by up to 40%, giving Georgia coasts a tougher storm shieldScientists built oyster reefs in Georgia's Savannah River to reduce wave energy. These reefs lessened wave impact on the shoreline by as mu...
In 2002, Florida sank a 510-foot Navy ship off Key Largo; the USS Spiegel Grove became one of the world's largest purpose-built ship reefsIn 2002, the USS Spiegel Grove, a decommissioned Navy ship, was purposely sunk near Key Largo to form an artificial reef. This innovative a...
In 1942, the tanker SS Gulfoil was torpedoed in the Gulf of Mexico; nearly 70 years later, NOAA found its wreck covered in Lophelia coralThe SS Gulfoil, a World War II tanker, has transformed into a stunning coral reef over the years. After resting on the seabed for decades, ...
Since 1958, tidal groundwater has continued moving beneath Runit Dome in the Marshall Islands, where 85,000 cubic meters of radioactive material rest; now rising Pacific seas are raising questions about the future of the 115-meter-wide structureTidal groundwater moves freely beneath Runit Dome in the Marshall Islands. Built over a nuclear crater, the 115-meter concrete structure ho...
In 2023, Georgia sank two retired Atlanta commuter trains; seven months later, divers found corals, fish, and other marine life colonizing the railcarsRetired MARTA train cars were sunk off Georgia's coast to create new reefs. Divers found marine life and coral growth on the cars within se...
In 2019, Jordan sank 19 military machines in the Red Sea, turning retired tanks, cannons, an ambulance, and a combat helicopter into an underwater museum and artificial reefJordan's Aqaba hosts a unique underwater military museum featuring decommissioned vehicles. These sunken machines now serve as artificial r...
Between 2001 and 2010, more than 2,500 New York subway cars were sunk into the Atlantic — decades later, they have become a thriving underwater reefA fleet of old subway cars from New York City has found an unexpected second life at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Sunk off the Delawar...
Britain used discarded seafood waste and engineered reef habitats to solve the collapse of native oyster ecosystems; the result transformed lifeless seabeds into thriving underwater habitats capable of supporting oysters, fish, and countless marine speciesBritain is deploying concrete reef cubes and scallop shells to revive native oyster populations. These structures aim to provide essential ...
New York crushed 5,000 discarded school toilets and lowered the porcelain into Jamaica Bay, creating foundations for new oyster reefsNew York City recycled nearly five thousand old toilets from public schools. This discarded porcelain became part of new oyster reef founda...