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EARTH SAMPLES
In 1971, Apollo 14 brought back the 20-pound rock Big Bertha; in 2019, scientists found a fragment that likely came from Earth, excavated about 4 billion years agoA lunar rock collected by Apollo 14 astronauts may contain a fragment of Earth. This tiny piece of rock is approximately four billion years...
India launches a new ocean research vessel that can explore deep-sea rare earth mineral, oil and gas: Here's what GRSE's new vessel can doGarden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) has launched a new ocean research vessel for the Ministry of Earth Sciences, with Union mini...
In 2015, fruit flies were sent to International Space Station to study how microgravity and the space environment affect the innate immune systemIn 2015, fruit flies were sent to International Space Station to study how microgravity and the space environment affect the innate immune ...
In 1972, Apollo 17 sealed core sample 73001 under vacuum on the Moon; in 2022, NASA opened it after 50 years and extracted lunar gas at Johnson Space CenterAfter fifty long years, a lunar sample collected in 1972 has been meticulously opened for analysis, promising to revolutionize our understa...
In 1994, NASA flew four Japanese red-bellied newts on STS-65 for nearly 15 days; two adults died, but 32 newt eggs hatchedSpace Shuttle Columbia's 1994 mission studied animal reproduction in zero gravity. Four red-bellied newts and medaka fish were part of biol...
In 1966, Gemini 9 and Gemini 12 exposed fungal spores and viruses directly to space; a 0.4 mm aluminum shield kept fungal spores alive and boosted virus survival 3,000-foldEarly space missions tested microbial survival outside spacecraft without protection. Fungal spores and viruses showed very low survival ra...
Something strange may be happening high above the surface of Venus: New study finds a surprising clue about whether life could survive in its acidic cloudsNew research suggests peptides can survive Venus's acidic clouds. These molecules maintain stable structures in highly concentrated sulfuri...
In 2005, ESA exposed two kinds of lichen to space for 14.6 days; both remained metabolically active and recovered after returning to EarthIn a groundbreaking experiment, two lichen species, Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria elegans, showcased extraordinary durability by s...
In 1984, NASA left Bacillus spores in space for nearly 6 years; after LDEF returned to Earth, 1–2% of the exposed spores were still aliveDuring an extensive six-year voyage aboard the LDEF satellite, soil bacteria spores demonstrated remarkable resilience, surviving the rigor...
In 2015, Japan exposed bacteria outside the ISS for 3 years; some clumps survived, while thicker ones were estimated to last longerJapanese researchers launched the resilient bacteria Deinococcus into orbit aboard the International Space Station. Remarkably, these micro...
In 2021, NASA grew Hatch chile peppers on the International Space Station; over 137 days, the plants produced harvestable fruit with unusually straight stemsIn 2021, NASA astronauts successfully cultivated Hatch chile peppers aboard the International Space Station, observing that the lack of gra...
In 2010, NASA launched a 12-pound, loaf-of-bread-sized satellite with two Bacillus populations; radiation exposure reached about 15 times that of the ISS orbitNASA's O/OREOS mission embarked on an exciting journey to observe how bacteria withstand the rigors of space radiation. The compact satelli...
A 4.4-billion-year-old Zircon grain found in Western Australia may reveal how early earth took shape – The oldest known terrestrial mineral grain offers clues about earth’s first crust, surface water and the moon’s formationA zircon crystal found in Australia, dating back 4.4 billion years, indicates that early Earth was likely to have been covered in water. Ad...
In 1990, NASA recovered tomato seeds after nearly 6 years on LDEF; classroom tests found space seeds germinated at 73.8% versus 70.3% for Earth controlsAfter nearly six years aboard NASA's LDEF satellite, Rutgers tomato seeds returned to Earth to inspire young scientists. Millions of studen...
In one Nepal district, flood catastrophe is measured in bodies and burial trenchesIn the wake of catastrophic flash floods in Chitwan, Nepal, the authorities have resorted to temporary burials for unidentified victims. To...
In 2026, scientists recreated 15,000 years of solar wind exposure on Moon soil in 4 hours; the experiment could help with future lunar resource miningInterlune has recreated the effects of around 15,000 years of solar-wind exposure on lunar soil in just four hours, using accelerated heliu...
In 1969, Neil Armstrong brought Moon rocks back to Earth. NASA fed some of the lunar dust to German cockroaches, Japanese quail, and other animalsFollowing the Apollo 11 mission, NASA embarked on some groundbreaking biological experiments involving lunar samples. They conducted tests ...
NASA mixed cement aboard the space station; it hardened with strange stripes and highly porous structures that may affect its strengthAstronauts on the International Space Station conducted a unique experiment blending cement in microgravity. This innovative study seeks to...
In 2023, NASA grew tomatoes for 100 days aboard the space station; ground plants produced more than 100, while the space crop yielded 12 and was not eatenNASA's tomato experiment on the International Space Station faced major hurdles in microgravity, where watering issues resulted in uneven m...
In 2011, a 320-gram Martian meteorite discovered in Sahara Desert reveals red planet Mars once had waterIn 2011, a 320-gram Martian meteorite discovered in Sahara Desert revealed evidence that Mars once had water. Known as Black Beauty or Nort...