Capital gains on debt funds and bonds updated: What changes for Tax Year 2026

For a lot of investors, debt products such as debt mutual funds, debentures, and both listed and unlisted bonds, along with market linked debentures, are still important because they offer a predictable return on investment, especially considering the fact that equity products' return can be so volatile.

The government also understands this and that’s why over the past few years, they have tweaked the tax framework of various debt products, with the most recent being the market-linked debentures. Generally, the capital gains taxation rules apply to the debt products and the tax rate varies depending on the specific product and how long you hold it. The holding period is basically the time from when you buy to when you sell the product.

As you may know, when it comes to capital gains tax, there is no advantage of the Section 87A tax rebate either for short term or long term capital gains. So even if your total income is below Rs 12 lakh under the new tax regime, capital gains will be taxable at the applicable rate with no benefit of Section 87A tax rebate. Capital gains tax framework is one of the few heads of income which applies irrespective of the chosen tax regime and total income.


Also, keep in mind that these rates and holding period are applicable for tax year 2026 which has already started from April 1, 2026. For tax year 2026, you will file your Income Tax Return on or before July 31, 2027.

Here’s a table highlighting the latest capital gains tax rate and holding period for debt products:

Particulars	Long term capital asset	Short term capital asset
Redemption prior to July 23, 2024	Held for more than 36 months: 10% tax without indexation	Held for up to 36 months
Redemption on or after July 23, 2024	Held for more than 24 months: 12.5% tax without indexation	Held for up to 24 months

Source: CA Suresh Surana

Particulars	Holding Period		Tax Rates
	Long-Term Capital Asset	Short – Term Capital Asset	Long – Term Capital Gains	Short – Term Capital Gains
Market linked Debentures* and ^Specified mutual funds (purchased on or after April 1, 2023)	Always short term, irrespective of the holding period		Taxed at applicable slab rate
Listed Bonds / Debentures	Held for more than 12 months	Held for up to 12 months	Redemption prior to July 23, 2024 - 10% without Indexation Redemption on or after July 23, 2024 - 12.5% without Indexation	Applicable slab rate
Unlisted Bonds and Debentures	Always short term, irrespective of the holding period		Applicable slab rate

Source: CA Suresh Surana

Note:

* Market linked debenture is a security which has an underlying principal component in the form of a debt security and where the returns are linked to market returns on other underlying securities or indices and include any securities classified or regulated as a market linked debenture by SEBI.

^Specified mutual funds are such funds which invests more than 65% of its total proceeds in debt and money market instruments or a fund which invests 65% or more of its total proceeds in units of such Mutual Fund.

Budget 2026 has maintained the status quo on the taxation of debt products, retaining the earlier shift towards a simplified regime where indexation benefits have been withdrawn and debt mutual funds are taxed at slab rates regardless of how long they are held.

Carry-forward and set-off of loss is allowed for debt assets?

Chartered Accountant Suresh Surana says that capital loss set-off rules continue to apply to short-term capital losses and can be adjusted against both short-term and long-term gains, while long-term capital losses can be set off only against long-term gains. Unabsorbed losses can be carried forward for up to 8 tax years, subject to timely filing of returns.