Where authorities are restricting data centres amid AI boom

A growing number of governments, regulators and cities around the world are moving to freeze, restrict or ban new data centre construction, as concerns mount over electricity costs, strained water supplies, land scarcity and the burden on local communities from the infrastructure powering the AI boom.

Below are some key examples:

NEW YORK STATE, U.S.


Governor Kathy Hochul imposed a one-year construction moratorium on data centers using 50 megawatts (MW) or more of power, ‌making New York ⁠the ⁠first U.S. state to enact a full moratorium.

During the freeze, the state's Department of Environmental Conservation will not issue new ​discretionary permits while officials develop standards to assess the environmental impact of data centers.

MAINE, U.S. (vetoed)

Governor Janet Mills vetoed ​bipartisan legislation that would have enacted an 18-month moratorium on new data centers using more than 20 MW of power, a measure that would have been the first of its kind in ​the U.S.

Mills said she supported a moratorium in principle but ⁠objected to ‌the bill's failure to carve out an exception for a specific project ​in the Town ​of Jay.

MONTEREY PARK, CALIFORNIA, U.S.

Residents voted to permanently ban data centers in ⁠the city in June 2026, becoming the first U.S. city to ​do so at the ballot box, following public backlash over a ​planned facility.

AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS

The city imposed a one-year moratorium on new data centre developments in 2019. In April 2025, it barred new data centers or expansions in the municipality until at least 2030.

Separately, the Dutch national government's 2022 hyperscale ban restricts large facilities to two designated locations nationally, though Microsoft won approval in January 2026 for a project split into three towers, each individually ‌below the size threshold.

DUBLIN, IRELAND (restriction now lifted)

Ireland's grid operator effectively blocked new data centre connections around Dublin from 2021 after warnings the facilities were straining the ​grid.

The freeze ended ​in December 2025, with new ⁠connections now required to bring their own on-site power generation.

Australia (planned legislation)

Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said Australia will establish a government AI office to manage the development of artificial intelligence standards.

Albanese said the ​new "Office of AI" within the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet will set common standards, including rules for large data centres covering their location, power and water use, with legislation due early next year.

Australia currently does not have any specific AI laws, and instead relies on a range of privacy and consumer protection laws as well as a voluntary AI ethics framework.