Coast is clear for doing biz sustainably

Every inch of land is precious for holding the potential of generating employment. At the same time, the environment matters - not only as a buffer against existential climate change but also because unchecked development undermines assets intended to enhance economic well-being. It is through this lens that one should look at NITI Aayog's new report that proposes reducing the coastal regulation zone (CRZ) limit from 500 m to 200 m, aligning with global norms. This change aims to unlock 2,790 sq km of coastal land for economic activities like tourism and infra development. The panel also recommends lowering mandatory green cover requirements for industrial zones from 33% to 10% as in Taiwan, Indonesia and Vietnam. But polluting industries would still need to maintain up to 25% green cover based on a graded index.

The proposal to reduce the coastal buffer zone needs a careful relook, as coastal erosion and increasing frequency of extreme rain and cyclone events - highlighted by IPCC assessments - threaten low-lying cities and heighten vulnerability for densely populated, low-income communities. In India, 113 coastal cities face the risk of submergence. With a coastline exceeding 11,000 km and highly varied coastal geomorphology, a one-size-fits-all approach is unfeasible. Industrial activity must rise. As will associated emissions. This makes the existing higher green cover norm of 33-40% crucial as a natural carbon sink. Simply aligning green cover requirements with countries like Vietnam isn't viable, given India's distinct emissions profile.

India must grow, keeping climate and ecological risks in mind. It needs customised, sustainable regulations that protect the environment without stifling industry and rapid business growth.