US launches review of OPT program for international students

The United States government has launched a new review of the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program that allows international students to work in the country after graduation, citing concerns about its impact on American workers, fraud risks and national security.

According to a report by PIE News, the US Department of Homeland Security said it is reassessing whether the current regulatory framework governing the program aligns with labour market needs, tax rules and national security interests.

In a letter dated January 9, Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem said the department was reviewing whether the program “appropriately serves US labour market, tax, and national security interests and remains aligned with congressional intent.”


“We are aware of the significant increase in the number of foreign student visa holders engaged in practical training programs and the potential risks and challenges,” she said, adding that the government is committed to protecting the interests of American workers, as quoted by PIE News.

The review follows a request from Eric Schmitt, who in November called for a re-evaluation of OPT and its STEM extension.

Schmitt criticised the program, describing it as a “cheap labour pipeline for big business” and arguing that it acts as a backdoor for foreign workers to enter the US job market.

“This system boxes young Americans out of the workforce, discriminates against American workers in favour of foreign labour, and suppresses job opportunities for US graduates,” he said, as reported by PIE News.

The senator also argued that the program encourages some institutions to function as “visa mills” and distorts the US higher education system.

How the OPT program works

Under OPT, international students studying on F-1 visa can remain in the US and work for up to 12 months after completing their studies. Graduates in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields can apply for an additional 24-month extension.

The program has grown significantly in recent years. As reported by PIE News, nearly 295,000 international students were participating in OPT in the 2024–25 academic year.