Chilli-filled 'PAVA shells' seen as alternative to pellet guns

NEW DELHI: An expert committee constituted by the Union Home Ministry to find alternatives to pellet guns for use in Kashmir has zeroed in potent and newly developed ' PAVA shells', a chilli-based less-lethal munition which temporarily incapacitates the target and renders them immobile for several minutes.

The committee early this week held a full-fledged demonstration of the maiden shells at a test field in the national capital and gave its thumbs up for use by security forces in crowd control and protest-like situations in the Kashmir valley in place of the pellet guns which has led to wide-scale criticism as their usage led to cases of severe blindness and injuries to people.

The 'PAVA shells', as per a blueprint prepared in this regard and accessed by PTI, were under testing for over an year at the Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, a Council of Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR) laboratory in Lucknow and its full development has come right on time when it was most needed.

Sources privy to the working of the committee said the panel has favoured 'PAVA shells' as an alternative to pellet guns and has recommended that the Tear Smoke Unit (TSU) of the BSF in Gwalior should be tasked with the bulk production of the shells "immediately", with the first lot not of less than 50,000 rounds.

The name 'PAVA' stands for Pelargonic Acid Vanillyl Amide, also called Nonivamide, and is a organic compound found characteristically in natural chilli pepper.

On the Scoville scale (the degree to measure the power of chilli), PAVA is categorised as "above peak" meaning it will severely irritate and paralyse humans, but in a temporary fashion. It is also used as a food additive to add pungency, flavouring and spicy effect to food.

The committee, the blueprint said, found that 'PAVA' can be categorised in the less-lethal munition category and once fired, the shells burst out to temporarily stun, immobilise and paralyse the target (protestors) in a more effective way than a tear gas shell or pepper sprays.

The panel noted, sources said, that PAVA is "biosafe, better than chilli grenade or tear smoke shell and can also be used in combination with stun and tear shells" by security forces facing unruly protestors in place of pellet guns.

The committee also analysed and is understood to have recommended the supply of few other non-lethal/less-lethal munition to security forces personnel deployed
for crowd control and counter-protests in the Kashmir valley and other similar situations elsewhere.