Vegetarians, beware: This meat alternative can reduce your good cholesterol and increase the risk of depression

Vegetarians who consume plant-based meat alternatives may face a 42% higher risk of depression compared to those who avoid these products, according to a study published in Food Frontiers. The study also revealed higher blood pressure, increased inflammation levels, and reduced levels of 'good' cholesterol (HDL) among plant-based meat consumers.

Conducted by researchers at the University of Surrey, UK, the study analyzed data from over 3,300 vegetarians in the UK Biobank, with roughly half consuming plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) and the other half abstaining.

PBMAs, made from plant-based proteins such as soy, are often promoted as a sustainable alternative to meat, requiring fewer natural resources like water, land, and energy. However, these products are classified as ultra-processed foods, with added chemicals to mimic the taste and texture of meat.


The researchers found no significant health benefits from consuming PBMAs and noted potential concerns about inflammation. "While no clear health risks or benefits were associated with PBMA consumption, the higher risk of depression, elevated CRP (C-reactive protein), and lower apolipoprotein A levels (HDL cholesterol) in PBMA consumers suggest inflammatory concerns that need further exploration," the study stated.

Despite this, the findings also showed that PBMAs may have some benefits, such as a 40% reduced risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Additionally, no notable differences were observed in the intake of sodium, free sugars, total sugars, or saturated fats between consumers and non-consumers of plant-based meat alternatives.

Senior author Nophar Geifman, a professor of health and biomedical informatics, emphasized the need for more research. "The overall findings are reassuring, suggesting that PBMAs can be a safe option as part of a balanced diet. However, the potential link to inflammation and depression requires further investigation," Geifman said.

Co-author Anthony Whetton, a professor of translational biosystems, highlighted the role of PBMAs in sustainable diets. "Ultra-processed plant-based meat alternatives can help individuals transition to vegetarian diets, supporting sustainable agricultural practices. But further studies, particularly with more diverse populations, are essential to confirm these findings," Whetton added.