International Youth Day 2026: Why Indians in their 20s are facing diabetes, BP, fatty liver

International Youth Day is observed every year on August 12 to recognise young people as important contributors to a more just and sustainable world. The day also draws attention to issues affecting youth, including health and well-being.

The 2026 theme, “Different Contexts, Common Aspirations,” highlights the varied circumstances of young people while focusing on shared aspirations for dignity, opportunity, participation and a sustainable future.

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Why health awareness matters among young people

Health awareness during adolescence and young adulthood can help identify risk factors for chronic diseases at an early stage. Poor diet, physical inactivity, stress and inadequate sleep can increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and mental health problems later in life.

Mental health also requires particular attention during these formative years. According to the World Health Organisation, one in seven adolescents aged 10 to 19 experiences a mental health disorder. Early awareness can help young people recognise warning signs, adopt healthier behaviours and seek preventive care.

Common health risks among young adults

Young people can face several health risks linked to lifestyle, nutrition and other factors.

• Metabolic disorders: Overweight, obesity and early-onset type 2 diabetes can be associated with sedentary lifestyles and consumption of processed foods.
• Cardiovascular risks: High blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels can develop at younger ages.
• Mental health conditions: Depression, anxiety and substance use disorders are among the concerns affecting young people.
• Sexually transmitted infections: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV and HPV can be associated with unprotected sexual activity.
• Lifestyle-related problems: Excessive screen use, poor sleep and chronic stress can affect academic and professional performance.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Poor diets and deficiencies such as low iron and vitamin D can affect overall health.
• Substance use: Tobacco, vaping and alcohol consumption can contribute to long-term health complications.

Why are metabolic conditions appearing earlier?

Several lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of metabolic health problems at a younger age.

1. Sedentary lifestyle

Reduced physical activity and prolonged periods of sitting can contribute to weight gain and increase the risk of metabolic disorders.

2. Ultra-processed foods

Diets high in ultra-processed foods, added sugars and unhealthy fats can contribute to excess calorie intake and poor metabolic health.

3. Chronic stress

Persistent stress can affect eating patterns, physical activity and sleep. Over time, these changes can contribute to unhealthy lifestyle habits.

4. Poor sleep

Inadequate or irregular sleep can affect appetite, energy levels and overall metabolic health, making sufficient sleep an important part of preventive care.

Warning signs young adults should not ignore

Metabolic health problems can develop gradually, and early warning signs may be easy to overlook. Young adults should pay attention to unexplained weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, as well as a family history of diabetes, hypertension or heart disease.

Skin tags or darkened patches around the neck can also be associated with insulin resistance. Persistent symptoms or multiple risk factors should not be ignored and may warrant a medical evaluation.

Why preventive health tests are important

Preventive testing can identify certain risk factors and diseases before symptoms appear, allowing timely lifestyle changes or treatment. Assessments of blood pressure, BMI, cholesterol, blood sugar and mental health can establish health baselines and identify concerns such as prediabetes or early hypertension.

Preventive care can also be combined with guidance on nutrition, physical activity, safer sexual practices and substance use. Regular consultations can help young people maintain contact with healthcare professionals and address emerging concerns promptly.

Essential preventive health tests for youth

Health assessments should be based on factors such as age, gender and individual risk. Key tests and assessments include:

• Blood pressure measurement
• Height, weight and BMI assessment
• Lipid profile for cholesterol monitoring
• Fasting blood sugar or HbA1c testing for diabetes screening
• Complete Blood Count (CBC) for detecting anaemia and infections
• Thyroid profile for assessing thyroid-related concerns
• Vitamin D testing for bone health assessment
• STI screening, including tests for HIV, chlamydia and gonorrhea
• Immunisation review and catch-up vaccinations

Who may need these tests?

Preventive testing may be particularly relevant for people with a family history of heart disease, diabetes or cancer, as well as sexually active individuals who require STI screening.

Athletes and fitness enthusiasts may need monitoring for overtraining and nutritional imbalances. Young people experiencing persistent fatigue, unexplained weight changes or prolonged stress may also require medical assessment.

Vegetarians and vegans may need monitoring for certain nutrient deficiencies. Students and working professionals experiencing high stress, people with sedentary lifestyles or poor diets, and those who use tobacco, alcohol or other substances may also require appropriate health monitoring.

How often should young adults get tested?

Healthy adults aged 18 to 30 should have regular health checkups, including blood pressure and BMI assessments and other tests based on individual risk. Lipid testing may generally be conducted every four to six years unless risk factors require more frequent monitoring.

Sexually active individuals may require STI testing annually or when changing partners. Mental health assessments can be undertaken when needed, particularly during periods of increased stress such as examinations or job transitions.

Testing schedules may become more frequent in the presence of obesity, a family history of chronic disease or existing health conditions. Healthcare professionals can determine the appropriate schedule based on individual circumstances.

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Healthy habits for young people

Young adults can support their long-term health by maintaining regular physical activity, eating a balanced diet and getting adequate sleep. Recommended habits include:

• Exercise regularly: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week.
• Eat a balanced diet: Include fruits, vegetables and whole grains while limiting sugar and processed foods.
• Get adequate sleep: Aim for seven to nine hours each night.
• Manage stress: Consider meditation, hobbies, therapy or other healthy coping strategies.
• Avoid harmful substances: Do not smoke, limit alcohol consumption and avoid recreational drugs.
• Follow safer practices: Use protection during sexual activity and stay up to date with vaccinations.

Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Readers are advised to consult a qualified doctor or healthcare professional for medical guidance, diagnosis or treatment. ET.com takes no responsibility for any decisions made based on the information provided in this article.