From Pongal, Lohri to Uttarayan: Different names and rituals of Makar Sankranti across India

Makar Sankranti 2026: As the Sun begins its northward journey, India welcomes Makar Sankranti, a festival that signals the end of winter and the start of longer, warmer days. Closely linked to agriculture and harvest cycles, Sankranti is one of the few Hindu festivals celebrated on a fixed date every year. While its core meaning remains the same, the festival takes on distinct names, rituals and flavours across regions, reflecting India’s rich cultural diversity.

What Does Makar Sankranti Symbolise?

Makar Sankranti marks the Sun’s transition into Capricorn (Makar Rashi). Spiritually, it is considered an auspicious time for charity, prayer and new beginnings. Agriculturally, it celebrates the harvest and expresses gratitude to nature for its abundance.

Makar Sankranti in North India: Holy Dips and Kite-Filled Skies

In much of North India, the festival is simply called Makar Sankranti. Devotees take holy dips in rivers such as the Ganga and Yamuna, believing it washes away past sins. Kite flying dominates the celebrations in states like Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, turning the skies colourful and lively.

Pongal in Tamil Nadu: A Four-Day Harvest Celebration

In Tamil Nadu, Sankranti is celebrated as Pongal, a vibrant four-day festival dedicated to the Sun God. The days include Bhogi, Thai Pongal, Mattu Pongal and Kaanum Pongal. Families cook pongal, a traditional dish made with newly harvested rice, jaggery and milk, symbolising prosperity and gratitude.

Uttarayan in Gujarat: When the Sky Becomes the Playground

Known as Uttarayan in Gujarat, the festival is synonymous with kite flying. Rooftops come alive as people compete in friendly kite battles. More than just a sport, the festival brings communities together and marks the joy of the Sun’s northward movement.

Lohri in Punjab: Bonfires, Folk Songs and Harvest Joy

Lohri, celebrated a day before Makar Sankranti, holds special importance in Punjab. It marks the harvest of rabi crops and is celebrated around bonfires with folk songs, Bhangra and Gidda. Sesame seeds, jaggery and peanuts are offered to the fire as prayers for prosperity.

Magh Bihu in Assam: Feasts After the Harvest

In Assam, the festival is called Magh Bihu or Bhogali Bihu. It celebrates the end of the harvest season with community feasts, traditional games and bonfires known as Meji. Food, fellowship and gratitude lie at the heart of the celebrations.

Khichdi in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar: A Festival of Charity

In parts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Sankranti is known as Khichdi. Devotees prepare khichdi using rice and lentils and distribute it among the poor. Ritual bathing in rivers and acts of charity define the day.

Shishur Sankrant in Kashmir: A Quiet Family Affair

In Kashmir, the festival is observed as Shishur Sankrant. Celebrations are more subdued, focusing on religious rituals and family gatherings rather than public festivities, marking a transition from harsh winter days.

Poush Sankranti in Bengal: Sweet Treats and Sacred Fairs

Known as Poush Sankranti in West Bengal, the festival celebrates the harvest with traditional sweets made from rice flour and date palm jaggery, commonly called pithe. The famous Ganga Sagar Mela draws pilgrims from across the country during this time.

Sukarat in Central India: Folk Traditions and Togetherness

In parts of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, Sankranti is called Sukarat. Folk songs, dances and community meals dominate the celebrations, highlighting the joy of harvest and social bonding.

One Festival, Many Names, Shared Spirit

Whether it is Pongal, Lohri, Uttarayan or Magh Bihu, Sankranti unites India through gratitude, hope and renewal. Different names and customs may define the celebrations, but the underlying spirit remains the same, thanking nature for the harvest and welcoming brighter days ahead.

Inputs from TOI