European satellite to crash on Earth, officials say 'chances of harm is exceptionally low'

The Aeolus satellite, which was launched into space more than five years ago, is currently headed towards Earth for a fiery demise upon re-entry into the planet's atmosphere.

Despite completing its initial three-year mission in space, this 1360-kilogram spacecraft, which was part of the Earth Explorer research programme, made a significant impact in weather observation as one of the most effective weather satellites developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), showcasing novel space technology.

What happened

As of now, Aeolus is running low on fuel, with its tanks almost empty, while it orbits Earth at an altitude of 320 km. Compounding this situation is the fact that the spacecraft is currently being affected by the planet's tenuous atmosphere, causing it to experience gravitational drag. Additionally, plasma waves from the Sun, as they pass by Earth, are also contributing to the spacecraft's movement.

According to a statement from the European Space Agency, the recent surge in solar activity has caused the Aeolus satellite to consume even more fuel in order to maintain its orbit. Essentially, the satellite has been facing a scenario akin to running against a strong headwind, making it even more difficult to stay in position.

As of April 30 of this year, Aeolus has ceased its scientific operations and its instruments have been transitioned into a specialized mode to carry out end-of-life procedures. These activities are intended to facilitate the preparation of the follow-on mission, Aeolus-2.

'Chances of harm are low'

The European Space Agency plans to lower Aeolus from 320 km to 280 km altitude, then gradually down to 150 km before its re-entry, with the satellite burning up at around 80 km. Engineers have planned the re-entry trajectory to target open ocean waters to minimize risk.

"The chance of a re-entry causing any harm is exceptionally low. The final date depends on how solar activity speeds up the process, but Aeolus is expected to be no more before the end of August," ESA said.

Exact details and timeline to be released in mid-June. Aeolus is expected to be completely destroyed before the end of August.

FAQs

What is the Aeolus satellite and why is it crashing to Earth?
The Aeolus satellite, launched over 5 years ago as part of the Earth Explorer program, is running low on fuel and experiencing gravitational drag and solar headwinds. ESA plans for a natural descent from 320 km to 80 km for a fiery end.

When was ESA formed?
May 30, 1975