7 key causes and early symptoms of kidney stones you shouldn’t ignore

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys. They vary in size—from tiny grains to golf ball–sized stones—and can either cause intense pain or remain unnoticed for years.

Not drinking enough water leads to concentrated urine. When minerals and salts are more concentrated, they’re more likely to stick together and form stones.

A diet rich in salt, red meat, poultry, and sugary foods increases calcium and uric acid levels in urine—key triggers for kidney stone formation.

Family history, obesity, and health issues like UTIs, gout, chronic diarrhea, or Crohn’s disease can raise your risk of developing kidney stones.

Certain drugs, calcium-based antacids, and excessive intake of vitamin D or calcium supplements can contribute to stone formation in susceptible individuals.

Kidney stones often remain undetected until they begin to move. One of the earliest symptoms is pain in the side or lower back, ranging from a dull ache to sharp, intense discomfort. Urine changes such as cloudiness, foul smell, or pink/red color may occur due to blood in the urine. Some may also feel an increased urge to urinate or nausea and vomiting without any clear cause. If these symptoms appear together, they may point to the presence of a kidney stone.

Preventing kidney stones starts with simple lifestyle changes. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Cut down on salt, red meat, and sugary foods and beverages. Maintaining a healthy body weight also helps reduce stone formation risk. Avoid taking supplements or medications—especially calcium and vitamin D—without consulting your doctor. These preventive measures can significantly lower the chances of developing kidney stones.