US-Israel war on Iran disrupts oil, gas supply: Key energy disruptions across Middle East so far

The U.S.-Israeli war on Iran has disrupted oil and natural gas ​exports from the Middle East and forced production stoppages from Qatar ​to Iraq, with Kuwait announcing cuts over the weekend.

Analysts predict that the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia will ​also have to cut output soon as they run out of oil storage.

Below are the main energy disruptions so far:


PRODUCTION SHUTDOWNS

Kuwait force majeure: Kuwait Petroleum Corporation began cutting oil output and declared force majeure on March 7 due to the war shutting exports via the Strait of Hormuz.

United Arab Emirates output: Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) said on March 7 it ‌was actively managing offshore ⁠output levels to ⁠preserve "operational flexibility". There was also a fire caused by debris at the UAE's Fujairah port, a key global oil storage and bunkering hub.

Iraq warns of further cuts: OPEC's second-largest producer, Iraq, slashed almost ​1.5 million barrels per day (bpd) due to lack of storage and export capacity, and officials told Reuters on March 3, that figure could rise to 3 million bpd within ​days if exports did not resume. Total Iraqi production was about 4.1 million bpd in January, according to a Reuters survey, equal to about 4% of world output.

On top of that, in Iraqi Kurdistan several companies have stopped output at their fields as a precaution. The region exported 200,000 bpd by pipeline to Turkey ​in February.

QatarEnergy LNG halted: Qatar stopped operations at its LNG facilities on March 2, affecting some of ⁠the world's ‌largest plants and a source that supplies about 20% of global LNG. QatarEnergy also suspended parts of downstream output a day later. It ​declared force majeure on ​LNG shipments on March 4.

Saudi disruptions: Saudi Arabia, the world's top oil exporter, suspended output at its 550,000-bpd Ras ⁠Tanura refinery and has begun rerouting crude loadings from eastern ports to Yanbu on the Red Sea. ​The refinery was struck again on March 4, without sustaining damage, the Saudi defence ministry said.

Other outages: Israel also ​curtailed parts of its oil and gas production. Iran's Revolutionary Guards said on March 7 they had targeted an Israeli refinery after Iran's Tehran refinery was hit, state media reported. Air raid sirens sounded in the Haifa area, but there were no reports of damage.

SHIPPING

Strait of Hormuz: traffic through the Strait was largely closed after Iran attacked at least five ships, with a limited number of tankers transiting, choking off a key artery accounting for about 20% of global oil and LNG supply.

Iran declares the Strait closed: A senior Iranian Revolutionary Guards official said on March 2 that the Strait of Hormuz was closed and warned that Iran ‌would fire on any ship attempting to pass.

The Guards said on March 7 they had hit a Marshall Islands-flagged tanker in the Strait of Hormuz, Iranian state media reported, in the latest such attack.

The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) has reported several attacks ​against ships in the ​region since March 1, including a tanker off ⁠Kuwait and a container ship in the Strait of Hormuz.

War risk insurance cancelled: Major marine insurers are cancelling war-risk coverage for vessels operating in Iranian, Gulf and adjacent waters.

US offers assurances: Trump said the U.S. Navy could escort tankers through the Strait and directed the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation to provide political-risk insurance ​and financial guarantees for Gulf shipping, though shipowners and analysts doubt this will be enough.

IMPACT ON CONSUMERS

China cuts refinery runs: Chinese refiners are shutting crude units or advancing planned maintenance due to disrupted crude flows.

India seeks alternatives: India is looking for substitute sources of crude, LPG and LNG to prepare itself if the crisis extends beyond 10-15 days, a government official said.

Indonesia shifts sourcing: Indonesia plans to increase U.S. crude imports to offset reduced Middle East supply.

Alternative supplies: Cargoes from Brazil, West Africa and the U.S. are possible but take over a month to reach Asia and are costlier amid soaring freight rates, traders said.