Colon Cancer: One of America’s leading causes of death, what you need to know about its trend in US, symptoms, and how to stay safe

Colon cancer is increasingly drawing attention in the United States, as cases among younger adults rise even while overall rates continue to fall. Once considered a disease primarily affecting older Americans, the cancer is now showing up in people under 50, prompting experts to warn about the importance of early detection and lifestyle awareness.

The disease begins in the colon, the longest part of the large intestine, often starting as small growths called polyps. While most polyps are harmless, some can develop into cancer over time. Because polyps rarely cause symptoms, doctors emphasize regular screenings to catch them early and prevent cancer before it develops.

Colorectal Cancer in the US

Colon cancer is often grouped with rectal cancer under the term “colorectal cancer.” It is the third most common cancer in the United States, with the Cancer Research Institute estimating 154,000 new cases in 2025. Specifically, they anticipate:

• Colon cancer: 107,320 new cases (54,510 in men, 52,810 in women)
  
• Rectal cancer: 46,950 new cases (27,950 in men, 19,000 in women)
  
  

While overall incidence and death rates have decreased over the past few decades, early-onset cases, diagnosed in individuals under 50, are on the rise. From 2012 to 2021, colorectal cancer rates fell by about 1 percent per year among older adults, largely due to increased screenings and healthier lifestyle choices. However, during the same period, cases in younger adults increased by 2.4 percent annually.

Risk factors include excess body weight, a sedentary lifestyle, and diets high in red and processed meats.

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the US when men and women are combined, causing an estimated 52,900 deaths in 2025. It ranks as the third-leading cause of cancer death in men and the fourth in women.

Symptoms of Colon Cancer

Colon cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do appear, they can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor within the colon. Common warning signs include:

• Changes in bowel habits, including more frequent diarrhea or constipation
  
• Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
  
• Persistent abdominal discomfort, such as cramps, gas, or pain
  
• A feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
  
• Unexplained fatigue or weakness
  
• Unintentional weight loss

Doctors advise seeking medical attention if these symptoms persist or worsen over time.

How to stay safe

While some risk factors for colon cancer, like age or family history, cannot be changed, there are steps everyone can take to reduce their risk and detect problems early.

Get Screened Regularly

Screenings are the most effective way to prevent colon cancer. Tests like colonoscopies can detect and remove polyps before they turn cancerous. Doctors typically recommend starting at age 45, but earlier screening may be advised if you have a family history or other risk factors.

Watch Your Diet

Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fiber can help protect your colon. Limit red and processed meats, which have been linked to higher cancer risk.

Stay Active

Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and lowers the risk of developing colon cancer. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.

Maintain a Healthy Weight

Excess body weight, especially around the abdomen, increases colon cancer risk. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is an important preventive measure.

Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol

Tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption are linked to increased colorectal cancer risk. Quitting smoking and moderating alcohol intake can significantly reduce risk.

Know the Symptoms

Be aware of changes in your bowel habits, blood in stool, unexplained weight loss, or persistent abdominal discomfort. Early detection dramatically improves outcomes.

Talk to Your Doctor

If you have risk factors such as a family history of colon cancer or inflammatory bowel disease, discuss a personalized screening plan with your healthcare provider.