Affirmative action in USA: What is it? All you may want to know

Affirmative action programs in a number of colleges and universities across the US have been a topic of debate and discussions for several decades. The US Supreme Court on Thursday struck down affirmative action policies at Harvard and the University of North Carolina.

What are Affirmative Action Programs?

Affirmative action programs are race-conscious admissions policies at certain colleges and universities in the US. For decades, selective US colleges and universities have considered, among other factors, whether applicants are from underrepresented minority groups, including Black, Hispanic and Native American.


For just as long, critics of affirmative action have questioned whether race-conscious admissions policies are fair or warranted.

University of North Carolina

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a prestigious public research university. It is the flagship school of the 16-campus UNC system and the oldest US public university. Students for Fair Admissions sued UNC in 2014, alleging that the Chapel Hill campus unlawfully discriminated against white and Asian American applicants, according to a Reuters report.

The school denies the allegations and, like Harvard, has defended its admissions objective of enrolling a diverse student body. The lawsuit accused the university of violating the US Constitution's 14th Amendment promise of equal protection under the law, as per the Reuters report.

Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League school of global prestige located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is the oldest US university. Harvard was sued in 2014 by anti-affirmative action group Students for Fair Admissions, which accused Harvard of unlawful discrimination against Asian American applicants in its admissions practices, as per the Reuters report.

Harvard has called the lawsuit politically motivated and has defended its admissions process, which takes race into consideration alongside dozens of other factors. The lawsuit accused Harvard of violating Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bars discrimination based on race, color or national origin under any program or activity receiving federal funding, the Reuters report said.

Students for Fair Admissions

Students for Fair Admissions is a nonprofit organization founded in 2014 by conservative activist Edward Blum, who has waged a legal war against affirmative action policies. The group takes on the cases of college applicants who contend they were wrongfully rejected by a college or university on the basis of race.

Edward Blum

The founder of Students for Fair Admissions, Blum has said he is on a mission to erase racial preferences intended to boost diversity in American life. He began his campaign to legally challenge race-conscious admissions in 2008, when he took on the case of Abigail Fisher, a white student who felt she had been discriminated against in her rejection by the University of Texas. The Supreme Court upheld the University of Texas admissions policy in that case, but the court's makeup has since changed, moving it ideologically to the right.

Lawyers' Committee For Civil Rights Under Law

The Lawyers' Committee is a nonprofit organization founded in 1963 with the mission of fighting for equity for U.S. racial minorities. The group has represented students, prospective students and alumni at Harvard and UNC for nearly a decade as they defend the school admissions policies.

FAQs

Q1. What is Affirmative action in US?
A1. Affirmative action programs are race-conscious admissions policies at certain colleges and universities in the US. For decades, selective US colleges and universities have considered, among other factors, whether applicants are from underrepresented minority groups, including Black, Hispanic and Native American.

Q2. What is Affirmative action decision by US Supreme Court?
A2. The Supreme Court on Thursday struck down affirmative action in college admissions, declaring race cannot be a factor and forcing institutions of higher education to look for new ways to achieve diverse student bodies.