Alberta surpasses the United States in measles cases as outbreak worsens; Know the disease, symptoms, and how to stay safe

Alberta has overtaken the United States in confirmed measles cases this year, with 1,314 infections reported since early March, surpassing the US total of 1,288 across 39 states. The sudden rise has placed Alberta at the center of North America’s growing measles resurgence, with public health experts warning the situation could worsen in the months ahead unless urgent steps are taken.

The outbreak has not resulted in any deaths in Alberta, but the highly contagious virus has sent 102 people to the hospital, with two still admitted, one in intensive care. In contrast, the United States has recorded three measles-related deaths, including two children and one adult, and 162 hospitalizations, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dr. Craig Jenne, an immunology and infectious disease specialist at the University of Calgary, called Alberta’s outbreak “largely predictable,” pointing to long-standing issues with declining immunization rates.

Once the virus began spreading in communities, he said, “it was pretty clear we were going to see growth, unfortunately, for several weeks to months.”


Dr. Lynora Saxinger of the University of Alberta echoed that concern, describing the speed and scale of the outbreak as deeply troubling. “It’s absolutely appalling and it shouldn’t really happen, but it is where we are,” she said.

Saxinger, like many other experts, believes the official case counts in both countries are likely underreported, noting that many measles sufferers never seek medical care or testing. “Those are the minimum numbers,” she said. “Quite a large number, maybe as many as one in five, will get a bacterial infection after measles. That’s not nothing. That’s a big deal.”

In the US, the health department has reported the highest number of measles cases in more than three decades, with many of the outbreaks traced to under-vaccinated religious communities in Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico.

The majority of American patients were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccine status.

FAQ

What is measles?

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. It spreads easily through coughing, sneezing, or close contact with someone who is infected. The virus can linger in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours after an infected person has left the area.

What are the symptoms of measles?

Measles symptoms usually appear 7 to 14 days after exposure and often include:

• High fever (often above 104°F or 40°C)

• Cough
  
• Runny nose
  
• Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
  
• A red blotchy rash that typically starts on the face and spreads
  
• Tiny white spots (Koplik spots) inside the mouth
  

The illness usually lasts about 1 to 2 weeks.

Is measles fatal or dangerous?

Yes, measles can be fatal, especially for young children, infants, and people with weakened immune systems. Globally, for every 1,000 people infected, 1 to 3 people may die. Others may suffer serious complications like:

• Pneumonia
  
• Brain swelling (encephalitis)
  
• Blindness
  
• Deafness
  
• Severe diarrhea and dehydration

How can I stay safe from measles? Is there a treatment?

There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles once infected. Care focuses on managing symptoms, fluids, fever reducers, and treating any bacterial infections that may follow.

The best protection is the MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella):

• Two doses give around 97 percent protection
  
• Safe for children, teens, and adults
  

To stay safe:

• Make sure you and your children are fully vaccinated
  
• Avoid close contact with infected individuals
  
• Wear masks and maintain hygiene during outbreaks
  
• If you suspect exposure, contact your doctor immediately