Nerve disorder cases are rising in Mumbai, doctors say a virus could be behind it

A notable upsurge in cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a rare autoimmune neurological disorder, has been observed in Mumbai. This condition involves the immune system attacking the peripheral nervous system, leading to muscle weakness and potential paralysis. As per a TOI report by Sumitra Deb Roy, doctors are reporting that the incidence of GBS cases is considerably higher, ranging from 30 per cent to 50 per cent, compared to the usual numbers seen during the monsoon season when such cases typically see a mild increase.

Neurologists have highlighted the recent surge, both in terms of outpatient cases and admissions. In the BYL Nair Hospital, over 15 GBS cases have been reported in just one month, with six patients currently undergoing treatment. Private medical centers such as Kokilaben Hospital in Andheri and Bhatia Hospital in Tardeo have each dealt with more than a dozen GBS cases since July. Hospitals like Fortis and Lilavati have been attending to three to five patients each. However, no fatalities have been reported so far.

Doctors are pointing out a potential link between the increase in GBS cases and a broader rise in viral infections. Dr. Rahul Chakor, head of the neurology department at Nair Hospital, told TOI that most GBS patients experienced the condition shortly after recovering from viral or gastrointestinal infections. This surge has impacted individuals of all age groups and genders.


Dr. Nilesh Chaudhary, a neurologist at Hiranandani Hospital, emphasized that GBS cases often follow viral or bacterial infections, leading the immune system to mistakenly attack the body itself. The syndrome typically causes symptoms like muscle weakness, numbness, or tingling, progressing to paralysis in severe cases. This surge in cases has been noticeable over the past 30-45 days, marking an almost 50% increase compared to usual figures.

However, medical experts are also identifying variations in GBS presentations. Some cases are atypical, not following the classic pattern of starting from lower limbs and progressing upward. Younger patients with early cranial nerve involvement and upper limb weakness at the onset of the disease are progressing rapidly, requiring ventilatory support due to respiratory muscle weakness.

At various hospitals, doctors are observing different GBS variants. Dr. Pawan Ojha of Fortis Hiranandani in Vashi stated that they are treating patients with both the Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP) variant and the Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN) variant. The former affects the protective nerve cover, while the latter affects nerve signal-transmitting axons. These severe cases often require mechanical ventilation and specialized therapies.

Given the alarming rise, experts are emphasizing close monitoring of patients for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, as GBS can lead to respiratory issues. Dr. Girish Soni of Lilavati Hospital underlined the importance of documentation, as GBS patients usually experience gradual recovery over 6 to 12 months. While the cost of treatment can be substantial, complete recovery is common.

Addressing a possible link to Covid-19, Dr. Chakor mentioned that autoimmune conditions have seen an increase post-pandemic, but whether GBS is directly linked requires further in-depth research.