How pigeon exposure can cause irreparable lung disease. Here’s what you must know

Pigeons are a common sight in India, frequently perching on balconies, ledges, and rooftops despite efforts to deter them using bird spikes and nets. Although they may appear harmless initially, their presence poses several challenges. Their droppings, considered a mere nuisance, are now recognised as potential sources of serious health risks. Recent cases have highlighted how prolonged exposure to pigeon feathers and droppings can lead to severe allergic reactions and respiratory issues among residents. Here's detailed information on these risks and what you need to know.

Case Study: Allergic reactions in East Delhi
A new case study sheds light on the health hazards posed by pigeon droppings and feathers, revealing a troubling incident involving an 11-year-old boy from East Delhi. As per a TOI report, the boy developed severe allergic reactions after prolonged contact with pigeon feathers and droppings, leading to potentially fatal consequences. He was admitted to Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, where doctors diagnosed him with Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP), a rare but serious lung condition triggered by allergic reactions to pigeon proteins.

Understanding Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP)
Dr. Dhiren Gupta, Co-Director of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) explained to TOI that HP is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by lung inflammation and scarring, making breathing difficult. While more common among adults, HP is rare in children, affecting only 2-4 per one lakh population annually. The boy received immediate medical attention, including steroids and high-flow oxygen therapy to reduce lung inflammation and restore normal breathing.


Causes and triggers of HP
HP arises from repeated exposure to specific environmental substances that trigger an immune response in the lungs. These substances include bird allergens, molds, fungi, and certain chemicals like isocyanates found in paints and varnishes. In the case of the boy from East Delhi, exposure to pigeon proteins led to severe lung inflammation and opacities on chest radiographs, indicative of HP.

Preventive measures and recommendations
To mitigate the risk of HP and other health issues associated with pigeon exposure, several preventive measures are recommended:

Maintain Cleanliness: Regularly clean and remove pigeon droppings from surfaces, roofs, and gutters using appropriate protective equipment such as gloves and masks. Dispose of droppings according to local regulations.

Structural Maintenance: Ensure buildings are well-maintained to prevent pigeons from roosting or nesting. Use deterrents like bird spikes, nets, or barriers to discourage pigeons from landing in residential or work areas.

Ventilation and Filtering: Install screens on windows and vents to prevent pigeons from entering indoor spaces. Use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in ventilation systems to capture allergens from feathers and droppings effectively.

Inputs from TOI