Why Aurangzeb is so controversial? Here is everything you should know about the Mughal emperor

A war of words has erupted in Maharashtra over the social media posts regarding Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Yesterday, taking strong exception to 'Aurangzeb ki aulad' remark of Maharashtra Deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, AIMIM president Asaduddin Owaisi asked him "who are the offspring of Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte, the killers of Mahatma Gandhi".

Meanwhile, NCP leaders also staged massive protests and a 'jail-bharo' agitation after a BJP leader called senior leader Sharad Pawar as a "reincarnation" of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The Mughal emperor, who died more than 300 years ago, often become a hot topic of debate in India. Last year too, he became the topic of discussion in dispute over the Gyanvapi in Varanasi.

Why the sixth emperor of the Mughal empire, often described as the "last effective Mughal ruler", has always been so interesting subject for historian, politicians and general masses. Why is a Mughal emperor who died 300 years ago gets limelight in debates again and again? Here is everything you should know about one of the most powerful mughal emperor and the reasons behind his controversial reputation.


Aurangzeb Alamgir was a complex and polarizing figure who left an indelible mark on Indian history. As the longest-reigning Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb's rule was marked by a series of military conquests, political maneuverings, and religious policies that have ignited debates and controversies among historians and scholars for centuries. His legacy continues to shape the understanding of the Mughal era and its impact on India's socio-political landscape.

Early Life and Rise to Power:
Aurangzeb was born on October 14, 1618, in Dahod, Gujarat, to Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. He was the third son of Shah Jahan and the youngest among his brothers. His father's ascent to the Mughal throne meant that Aurangzeb grew up in an atmosphere of power and privilege, witnessing the grandeur and opulence of the Mughal court.

Controversial Policies and Religious Stance:
One of the primary reasons for Aurangzeb's controversial reputation stems from his religious policies. Unlike his predecessors, he is often described as a ruthless tyrant who was an expansionist, imposed tough Sharia laws and brought back the discriminatory jizya tax that Hindu residents had to pay in return for protection.

Aurangzeb was known for his strict and orthodox interpretation of Islam. He sought to enforce Sharia law and reimpose Islamic practices throughout the empire. This led to the demolition of Hindu temples, the imposition of discriminatory taxes on non-Muslims, and the persecution of religious minorities.

Furthermore, Aurangzeb's prolonged military campaigns aimed at expanding the empire often targeted Hindu kingdoms and Sikh communities. He viewed these conquests not only as territorial expansions but also as a means to spread Islam. His reign witnessed the destruction of several prominent Hindu temples, including the Kashi Vishwanath Temple and the Krishna Janmabhoomi Temple in Mathura.

Criticism and Legacy:
Aurangzeb's policies and actions have garnered significant criticism from historians, both during his reign and in subsequent years. Critics argue that his religious intolerance and persecution undermined the principles of harmony and inclusivity that were instrumental in the success and longevity of the Mughal Empire. His policies led to religious tensions and fueled resentment among non-Muslim communities, which eventually contributed to the empire's decline.

However, some scholars argue that Aurangzeb's actions need to be understood within the context of the time in which he lived. They claim that his policies were not solely driven by religious zealotry but were also a response to political challenges and the need to maintain control over a vast and diverse empire. They contend that Aurangzeb's actions were part of a broader pattern of power consolidation rather than a reflection of personal animosity toward non-Muslims.

Aurangzeb's reign continues to evoke passionate debate and scholarly discourse, primarily due to his religious policies and their impact on India's social fabric. His strict interpretation of Islam, coupled with his military campaigns, have left a lasting legacy of religious tension and mistrust. While some view him as a pious ruler dedicated to upholding Islamic values, others criticize him for undermining the inclusive and pluralistic traditions of the Mughal Empire.

Understanding Aurangzeb requires a nuanced examination of historical context, political motivations, and the complexities of ruling a diverse empire. Regardless of one's perspective, it is undeniable that Aurangzeb played a significant role in shaping India's history and remains a figure whose legacy continues to elicit a wide range of emotions and opinions.