Parents, take note: Online casino games may up gambling risk in teens
Free online casino gaming may build excitement for gambling & encourage transition into monetary gambling.
By PTI |
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TORONTO: Free online casino gaming may build excitement for gambling among adolescents and encourage the transition into monetary gambling, according to a study.
The research, published in the journal BMC Public Health, shows that free gambling-themed games may be a gateway to paid gambling for young people, and gameplay is linked with a higher risk of gambling problems among some adolescents.
While bricks-and-mortar casinos and legal gambling websites are off-limits to adolescents, free online games are open to anyone, said researchers from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) in Canada.
Called social casino games, they let people try their hand at casino table games, slots, poker or bingo without betting real money.
Like monetary gambling, people place bets in hopes of winning rewards, in this case, points or prizes within the game only.
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Since these games don't involve betting or winning money, they are not legally classified as gambling and remain unregulated, the researchers said.
"Adolescents' participation in seemingly risk-free social casino games is a concern because we know that early exposure to gambling activities is a risk factor for developing gambling problems in the future," said Tara Elton-Marshall from CAMH's Institute for Mental Health Policy Research.
In the study, 12 per cent of teens in three Canadian provinces said they had played social casino games in the past three months.
The findings are from a survey of 10,035 students in grades 9 to 12 (ages 13 to 19) in Ontario, Saskatchewan and Newfoundland and Labrador.
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While most forms of sports betting are banned in mainland China, people can gamble their income on two state-run official lotteries, the China Sports Lottery and the China Welfare Lottery.
Last year, both lotteries generated a combined total of 426.6 billion yuan in revenue, making it the second largest lottery in the world. The China Sports Lottery allows people to stake money only on selected sporting events like international football matches or the FIFA World Cup.
Betting on horses is banned but that could change soon with the government trying to transform Hainan island into a horse racing and sport lottery hub.
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Casino gambling wasn’t legalised in Japan until December 2016, but the Japanese government had plenty of other legalised options to rake in gaming revenue such as pachinko parlours or government controlled sports betting.
By controlling betting on horse races, motorbike racing, bicycle racing, powerboat racing and football, they created a fivetrillion-yen market that could be taxed.
Another national Japanese pastime, Pachinko generates roughly 21.6 trillion yen in revenue each year by allowing customers to try their luck at pinball-like machines.
Prizes garnered are then exchanged for cash at nearby shops, a form of legalised gambling.
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Unlike other countries, Mexico legalised sports betting relatively late. In 2004, the Mexican government removed the ban and approved the operation of certain number-based games.
Today, gamblers can enjoy betting on horseracing, dog racing, bullfighting, cockfighting, bingo, lotteries and scratch cards.
Video-style gaming machines have also been introduced but football and baseball still remain the greatest sources of gaming revenue for the country.
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Each year millions of tourists flock to the gambling capital of the world and the government has been quick to capitalise on it by levying a 39 per cent tax on casino gross gaming revenue.
Out of the 39, 35 per cent is government tax and the remainder is accrued in levies for community causes.
In the last six months alone, the Macau government has collected approximately $6.65 billion from direct taxes on gaming i.e., roughly 83.6 percent of their total revenue.
While the government is also trying to increase their non-gaming revenue, it falls far short of what the casinos rake in.
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In 2017, the country garnered $1.53 billion in gambling revenue from lotteries, sports betting (both online and off-line) and online casinos.
The online gaming market accounted for 51.5 per cent of total gambling revenue, an increase from 47.4 per cent in the previous year.
The regulator also measured gross gaming revenue per capita across countries and found that Denmark ranks third for betting and casino games.
(Text: Shannon Tellis)
According to Danish regulator Spillemyndigheden, online gaming accounts for more than half of the annual gaming revenue generated. In 2017, the country garnered $1.53 billion in gambling revenue from..
The survey asked about three game types: Internet poker, Internet slots and social casino games on Facebook.
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The study also found that adolescents who participated in social casino games were significantly more likely to participate in monetary gambling, either online or land-based forms, compared with peers who did not play social casino games.
"While it's not clear whether young people begin in social casino games and move to gambling for money, or if adolescents who are gambling for money also seek out these free games, there is evidence that social casino gaming may build excitement for gambling and encourage the transition into monetary gambling," said Elton-Marshall, senior author of the study.
As many as 37 to 50 per cent of young people who gambled for money and played social casino games met criteria for low to moderate or high problem gambling.
By contrast, roughly 10 per cent of teens who participated in monetary gambling but not in social casino games scored as having a degree of problem gambling, researchers said.
Scores were calculated using a problem gambling scale created specifically for adolescents, with questions such as how often teens missed activities such as team sports or band due to gambling, they said.
Elton-Marshall said that social casino games may have higher odds of winning than monetary gambling, giving young people the false impression that they are luckier or better at gambling.
"It's important for young people, parents, teachers and others to be aware that these risks exist," said Elton-Marshall.
"With the growing number of social casino games over the past five years, and high levels of screen time among young people, we believe our findings may under-represent social casino gaming by adolescents today," said Livia Veselka, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at CAMH.
The study also found that males were significantly more likely than females to play Internet poker but only slightly more likely to play internet slots or social casino games on Facebook.
"Understanding who is more likely to play may help tailor interventions and awareness programs to prevent gambling problems," said Veselka.
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