Is your sunscreen really protecting you? A new report reveals alarming truths behind that SPF label

As temperatures rise and beaches fill, most of us reach for the familiar tube of sunscreen, trusting it to be our shield against the sun's wrath. But a startling new report suggests that this trust may be misplaced. According to the Environmental Working Group’s (EWG) 2025 Annual Guide to Sunscreens, a staggering majority of products lining U.S. store shelves may not be offering the protection they promise. In fact, fewer than one in four of the 2,200 SPF products evaluated met the organization’s criteria for safety and effectiveness.

Misleading Labels and Murky Regulations

The report casts a harsh light on sunscreen manufacturers and regulatory bodies alike, accusing them of misleading claims and failure to update decades-old standards. Since 1999, federal sunscreen regulations have remained largely unchanged, leaving consumers at the mercy of marketing jargon and obscure ingredient lists. “Many sunscreens still fall short,” the EWG warns, “by offering misleading claims about protection and using outdated formulas—some even containing ingredients with potential health concerns.”

Among the biggest culprits? Aerosol sprays, which make up 26% of all SPF products in 2025. Although the FDA proposed safety testing for these in 2019 due to inhalation risks and patchy application, it has yet to finalize these rules. Between 2021 and 2023, multiple sunscreen sprays were recalled due to benzene contamination, a known carcinogen—yet the market remains flooded with these popular but problematic products.

The Fragrance Trap

Another eyebrow-raising concern: undisclosed “fragrances.” The report reveals that 36% of sunscreen products containing unspecified fragrance ingredients actually hide a cocktail of allergens, hormone disruptors, and even carcinogens. A 2022 federal law mandated the FDA to outline clear guidelines on fragrance allergens by July 2024. But as of May 2025, no such guidelines have been proposed. EWG attributes the delay to regulatory staffing shortages under the Trump administration, further complicating consumer safety efforts.

Until transparency improves, the organization urges consumers to seek fragrance-free sunscreens or those bearing the EWG Verified® mark, which signifies ingredient clarity and the absence of harmful additives.

The Fall of Oxybenzone and Vitamin A

Some silver linings have emerged. Once a common ingredient in non-mineral sunscreens, oxybenzone has seen a dramatic fall from 70% usage in 2016 to just 9% in 2025. The compound is flagged not only for disrupting hormones but also for damaging marine ecosystems—a serious double threat.

Vitamin A (often listed as retinyl palmitate) is another ingredient on the decline, found in only 2% of sunscreens today, down from 41% in 2010. Despite its skin-nourishing reputation, Vitamin A can degrade in sunlight, potentially worsening skin damage rather than preventing it.

The Safer Path to Sun Protection

So, what should a sunscreen-savvy shopper do in this minefield of misleading products? The EWG guide doesn’t just criticize—it also educates. The top advice includes not falling for high SPF labels, which often give a false sense of security. Products boasting SPF 50+ may only offer marginally better protection than SPF 30, while encouraging users to stay in the sun longer than is safe.

The guide recommends lotion or stick sunscreens over sprays, choosing mineral-based formulas with ingredients like zinc oxide, and using physical barriers like hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved clothing. And perhaps most importantly: reapply often, especially after swimming or sweating.

Sun safety is about more than what’s in the bottle. With skin cancer rates rising, knowing what goes on your skin—and into your body—has never been more crucial. This summer, before you bask in the glow of sunshine, take a closer look at what you’re trusting to guard your skin. The truth behind your SPF might not be as radiant as you think.