Can exercise help in Parkinson’s disease? Top doctor shares what really matters in treatment. 'Start early, stay consistent'

Parkinson's disease is a long-term neurological condition in which certain brain cells gradually deteriorate, especially in regions that help regulate movement. A key chemical called dopamine, which enables smooth and controlled body motions, begins to decline as the condition progresses. This leads to difficulties with balance, coordination, and posture over time. Although it is more commonly seen in older adults, it can affect younger individuals as well. While there is no definitive cure yet, a combination of medications, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments can help manage symptoms and improve daily functioning.

Recently, neurologist Dr Sudhir Kumar shared a post on X talking about Parkinson’s disease. According to the health specialist, trained at CMC Vellore and currently at Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, one of the most ‘under-prescribed treatments’ for the medical condition is exercise.

Why walking isn’t enough

Dr Sudhir Kumar highlighted that simply advising patients to walk does not deliver the full benefits of exercise. He explained that physical activity in Parkinson’s is dose-dependent and intensity-driven, with emerging evidence suggesting it may even influence disease progression when done correctly.

Role of high-intensity cycling

The doctor pointed to high-cadence cycling as an effective intervention. Studies have shown that cycling at a faster pace can improve motor function and help reduce slowness of movement, a common symptom in patients.

Sit-to-stand: Simple yet powerful

Among the most practical exercises, the sit-to-stand movement is often overlooked. The health expert noted that performing a few sets daily can strengthen leg muscles, lower the risk of falls, and promote independence.

Strength training is essential

Strength training is not optional, stressed doctor Sudhir Kumar. Focusing on major muscle groups like the quadriceps, glutes, and core can improve walking speed, balance, and reduce episodes of freezing. Regular sessions a few times a week are recommended.

Balance for safety

Balance training plays a critical role in preventing falls, which are a major concern in Parkinson’s. Practices like Tai Chi, along with guided physiotherapy, can significantly improve stability and posture.

Improving movement with cueing techniques

For patients experiencing difficulty in movement initiation, techniques such as rhythmic cues or visual markers can help. These methods support better coordination and smoother walking patterns.

Don’t ignore flexibility and posture

Addressing stiffness is equally important. Incorporating stretching and movements that improve posture can help counter rigidity and the tendency to develop a stooped stance.

Making exercise enjoyable

Dr Sudhir Kumar also emphasised the importance of choosing activities that patients enjoy. Engaging in options like dancing, boxing, or group classes not only improves physical health but also increases consistency.

A well-rounded workout routine

The key takeaway is to focus on a comprehensive program rather than a single activity, explained the doctor. A balanced routine should include aerobic exercise, strength training, balance work, and flexibility, ideally totalling at least 150 minutes a week.

Dr Sudhir Kumar also pointed out a frequent misconception, which was relying solely on walking. Without incorporating intensity, strength, and balance training, patients may miss out on the full benefits that exercise can offer in managing Parkinson’s disease.

In conclusion, the doctor noted that in Parkinson’s disease, exercise is not just supportive care, but it is core therapy. He suggested starting early and staying consistent.