How clean is your EV?

Automakers in India are betting on multiple technologies to cut crude imports and vehicular emissions, in line with the objectives outlined by the Indian government. While market leader Maruti Suzuki, along with Toyota Kirloskar Motor and Honda Cars India, introduced strong hybrids, treating them as a bridge to transition to fully electric vehicles, others like Tata Motors, Mahindra & Mahindra, Hyundai and Kia are going all electric. Also on cards are CNG powertrains, higher ethanol blend and flex fuel engines as carmakers work overtime to comply with stricter emission norms being outlined by the authorities. Sharmistha Mukherjee takes a look at well-to-wheel emissions of the technologies in a vehicle lifetime in India.